Adoption is a powerful way to build a family—and Texas offers several legal pathways to make that dream a reality.
If you’re wondering how adoption works in Texas, this guide will walk you through the entire process: from eligibility and types of adoption to legal steps, costs, and timelines.
WHO CAN ADOPT IN TEXAS?
In Texas, you do not have to be married to adopt.
You must:
- Be at least 21 years old
- Be financially stable
- Complete a criminal background check
- Provide references and proof of stability
- Complete a home study (required in most cases)
✅ Single adults, married couples, and same-sex couples can all adopt in Texas.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ADOPTION IN TEXAS?
There’s no one-size-fits-all adoption path. Texas recognizes multiple types of adoptions, including:
1. Private (Independent) Adoption
The child is placed directly by a birth parent or private agency. Often used for newborns.
2. Stepparent Adoption
A spouse adopts their partner’s child. This requires termination of the other biological parent’s rights.
3. Foster Care Adoption
Adopting a child through the state’s foster care system. Often supported by subsidies and lower legal fees.
4. Kinship Adoption
A relative (grandparent, aunt, uncle) adopts a child in the family.
5. Adult Adoption
An adult legally adopts another adult—commonly used for inheritance or family unification.
HOW TO ADOPT A CHILD IN TEXAS: STEP-BY-STEP
Step 1: Choose the Type of Adoption
Identify the path that fits your family and situation.
Step 2: Complete a Home Study
A home study is a professional assessment of your:
- Living environment
- Financial stability
- Criminal background
- Parenting capabilities
💡 Home studies are mandatory (unless waived in some stepparent/kinship cases).
Step 3: File the Adoption Petition
You’ll file a Petition to Adopt with the district court in the county where the child lives.
For stepparent and kinship adoptions, this may be combined with a petition to terminate parental rights.
Step 4: Consent from the Child or Biological Parent(s)
- Children 12 or older must consent to the adoption.
- The biological parents must relinquish parental rights before the court finalizes the adoption.
- If the parent refuses, you may pursue involuntary termination through the court.
Step 5: Final Adoption Hearing
Once your petition is approved, the court schedules a hearing.
At the hearing:
- The judge reviews your petition
- You may be asked questions about your home and relationship with the child
- If all goes well, the judge signs a Final Order of Adoption
Step 6: Update Legal Documents
After the adoption is granted:
- You’ll submit a VS-165 form to update the child’s birth certificate
- Update Social Security records, insurance, school forms, etc.
HOW LONG DOES ADOPTION TAKE IN TEXAS?
It varies depending on the type:
| Type of Adoption | Estimated Timeframe |
|---|---|
| Private Adoption | 3–12 months |
| Stepparent Adoption | 3–6 months |
| Foster Care Adoption | 6–18 months |
| Kinship Adoption | 3–6 months |
HOW MUCH DOES ADOPTION COST IN TEXAS?
| Type of Adoption | Typical Cost |
|---|---|
| Private Adoption | $15,000–$50,000 |
| Foster Adoption | Low to no cost |
| Stepparent Adoption | $500–$5,000 |
| Kinship Adoption | $1,000–$3,000 |
💡 Foster care adoption often comes with state support, including stipends, Medicaid, and college tuition.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Can you adopt without a lawyer in Texas?
Yes—but legal help is strongly recommended to avoid delays or errors.
Can same-sex couples adopt?
Yes. Texas law allows adoption by married same-sex couples and single LGBTQ+ individuals.
Can an unmarried couple adopt together?
No. Only one partner may adopt unless the couple is legally married.
Do biological parents lose all rights after adoption?
Yes. Adoption creates a permanent legal parent-child relationship, replacing all previous rights and obligations.
FINAL THOUGHTS
If you’ve been asking how adoption works in Texas, the answer is that it’s a multi-step legal process—but one filled with love, meaning, and opportunity.
Whether you’re adopting your stepchild, a foster child, or expanding your family through private adoption, Texas law provides the framework to protect everyone involved.
Bryan Fagan is a Texas family law attorney with a heart for adoption—inspired not just by his legal career, but by his own family story. Growing up in Atascocita with two adopted brothers, Bryan learned early the profound meaning of chosen family. His passion for justice was sparked by John Grisham’s The Pelican Brief, and he became the first lawyer in his family, balancing night classes at South Texas College of Law while caring for his grandmother with Alzheimer’s.
Today, Bryan brings that same dedication to his practice, guiding families through adoptions, custody disputes, divorces, and complex marital agreements. A certified member of the College of the State Bar of Texas, he combines elite legal expertise with genuine empathy—drawing from his roles as a husband, father of three, and advocate for families facing false CPS allegations.
Based in Houston, Bryan is actively involved in the Houston Bar Association’s Family Law Sector and statewide family law organizations. Whether finalizing an adoption or protecting parental rights, he believes the law should reflect the deepest values of home, commitment, and love.